In our culture, the bodily lower and its functions are a topic that is not in the usual way to discuss in a fair society.Therefore, diseases that affect these parts of the body cause not only physical but also psychological properties.Unfortunately, one of these diseases - hemorrhoids - is not as rare as we want;At least 10-15% of the entire adult population of the Earth applies to it.Most often, people aged 30-50 suffer from hemorrhoids and men are four times more often than women.Unfortunately, far from all patients, feeling the signs of the illness you have begun, go to the doctor.False shame prevents a lot, rather meditating on themselves, which only deteriorates their situation.But hemorrhoids, like other diseases, are most easily treated in the early stages.
What is the reasons for hemorrhoids and its occurrence
The last part of the digestive system, the last segment of the colon, is called the rectum;Somewhere it begins at the level of the third sacred vertebra and ends with the anus.Blood supply is provided by five arteries (one of which is called odd, bleeding), and the outflow of the blood is made by the wide flooded veins of the veins in the submucosal layer of the rectum.In the lower part of the rectum or the bleeding zone below the mucous membrane, the smallest vein network has been pierced by body or cave bodies.Usually, the walls of these blood vessels should support the connective tissue, but when it weakens, the blood flow increases and the outflow is disturbed, the walls of the blood vessels swell, the cave bodies fill with blood and fill the entire cavity and sometimes even appear through the mood.The hemorrhoids have the same blood swollen and protruding cave bodies.Occasionally, the appearance of hemorrhoids causes mechanical reasons when some factors cause the muscle fibers of the longitudinal muscle of the rectum to stretch and relax, causing the removal of anemic nodes to the anus and their loss.The number of nodes in patients is very different from one to one that can fill the entire anal region.Their dimensions are also very different from 5 mm to 3 cm.
Although the exact reasons for the occurrence and development of hemorrhoids have not yet been revealed, they believe that the following factors contribute to this:
- Sedentary lifestyle- People are particularly subjected to the appearance of hemorrhoids, and can be in a long -term or constant position for a long time.When a person sits or stands for a long time, blood stagnation occurs in the pelvic organs, which can interfere with blood flow through the veins.
- Manual work- Physical activity, however, is not a miracle cure;People who work in areas where long -lasting and constant hard physical childbirth is also hemorrhoids.
- Complications of the headquarters for emptying- Be it diarrhea or chronic constipation.Both states cause increases in pressure in the abdominal cavity, which in turn leads to an increase in bleeding nodes and their loss.
- Inappropriate nutrition- Increased use of alcohol, spicy foods cause arterial inflows in the cave bodies of the rectum, which contributes to expansion.Foods, poor in fiber, cause constipation and abundance of fatty foods - diarrhea.
- Hypothermia or overheating of the pelvis area- Both conditions exacerbate blood circulation and contribute to blood stagnation in the pelvis.
- Pregnancy, childbirth- In this condition, a woman increases the abdominal pressure in the abdominal area and the flow of blood can be disturbed through the veins.As a result, hemorrhoids are formed.
- Obesity- Especially the incidence of hemorrhoids is exposed to people whose fat is primarily located in the abdomen.
- Some sexual exercisesIncluding anal sex.
- Various diseases: liver diseases (with them the venous outflow of blood is harmful, the pressure increases in the veins, which contributes to the development of hemorrhoids);diseases of the pelvic organs (bladder, prostate);Tumors and/or inflammation in the pelvis, intestine.
- Hereditary reasons: Functional lack of connective tissue, damaged neuroidation of the sound of the venous wall, pathology of the heart and blood vessels.
Symptoms of hemorrhoids
The hemorrhoids gradually and unnoticed;One does not experience any special inconvenience, unless you can feel discomfort, pain, and itching from time after emptying.In the area of the anus, soft tissues may swell.The mucus can be released from the rectum, irritated by the anus and the burning sensation.Sometimes the patient has the feeling of a foreign body in the back hole;After emptying, long painful pains are common.These phenomena are improved by violation of the diet or disorders of the stomach tract.But people are most often looking for doctors after detecting blood in stools, toilet paper, or underwear small drops, strips, or, in rare cases, intense bleeding.
However, bleeding from anus is not always associated with hemorrhoids (especially if the patient is over 40 years old).Rectal bleeding can also occur in the following diseases:
- Anal crack
- the oncology of the rectum
- The loss of rectal
- Kolithis, polyps, condylomas
The patient should be careful that the incidence of bleeding is the result of a change in intestinal behavior and the appearance of stools of different colors or consistency.Such symptoms should immediately consult your doctor for doctors immediately at another site of the gastrointestinal tract.
How is hemorrhoids manifested
Hemorrhoids happenexternalorinternal- With external hemorrhoids, the hemorrhoids are expanded, formed from the lower venous plexus, and are located directly at the anus.Because inflammation is not inside the rectum, but outside, if necessary, you can consider this area with your own eyes.Bleeding in this bleeding is virtually absent, but patients are very concerned about pain in the rectal region.External nodes are often inflamed, coarse canvas are damaged and are more often reborn in oncological formations.This type of hemorrhoids are relatively rare - up to 10% of the number of patients suffers from them.
The internal golden nodes are located in the submucosal layer of the rectum, only at the later stages of the disease can be seen with a naked look when the peel of the cave bodies is so deformed that it exits through the anus.The main symptoms of inner hemorrhoids are the presence of blood in the stool (although most commonly scarlet, arterial, it is also possible with dark venous blood clots), pain during the interruption.In later stages of the disease, hemorrhoids fall out of the anus;At first they are pulled in, but later the patients have to do manually.
There is also a combined hemorrhoid in which the subcutaneous venous plexus of both the rectum and the anal region are deformed.
Hemorrhoids happensharp(When the symptoms develop rapidly, the nodes become inflamed, the inflammation leads to the adjacent tissues, the patient suffers from pain; the necrotic changes in the nodes are possible due to thrombosis) and possible)chronic- Then the disease lasts for months and up to years, while worsening periodically - bleeding occurs, nodes fall, pinched and cause a lot of discomfort.During the periods of remission, provided the patient does not feel discomfort.
Stages of the development of the disease
Most hemorrhoids are diagnosed in later stages - or because patients did not pay attention to the symptoms, for other reasons or because of false shame, they have tightened their journey to the doctor.There are four stages of hemorrhoids.
- The first stage- The symptoms are fascinally expressed, only manifested in special cases (such as intestinal disorders, after heavy physical work, long -term or on -site session, food disorders, overheating or hypothermia).The patient sometimes feels discomfort during emptying, burning and itching.During the examination, the doctor notes the stagnation of the blood and the walls of the blood vessels.If the hemorrhoids manage to diagnose at this stage, the treatment takes place quickly and without problems.
- The second stage- The increase in the size of the hemorrhoids, their walls becomes thinner, and they can form a break, leading to bleeding.In the patient, after a complicated emptying or hypothermia, traces of blood can be observed in stool, toilet paper or underwear, but the bleeding is very small and passes through quickly.The hemorrhoids are slightly increased and can leak from the anus after emptying, but returning to themselves.Their appearance is caused by increasing peritoneum pressure with severe stress, whether physical work or severe cough.At this stage, you can continue to require conservative treatment.
- The third stage- The anal sphincter is undergoing distribution and weakening, which results in the fallen cute nodes only hand corrected.The patient is worried about severe itching, bleeding is common and abundant.Conservative treatment is no longer possible.
- The fourth stage- The nodes are so increased that they cannot be repaired.The muscles of the anal hole are very weakened and the sphincter sound is reduced.Even the smallest physical activity is enough to lose nodes.The nodes themselves can form in the form of seal and are inflamed;Inflammation can also affect nearby tissues.
Complications with hemorrhoids
Fortunately, hemorrhoids are not found too often.While most of all, with the patient's hemorrhoids, the fear of blood, it is not so outstanding that this is a danger to life.However, anemia is possible with longer constant bleeding.
The flow of the mucous membrane causes itching from the anus and can lead to eczema.
With further development of the disease, when hemorrhoids have moved to the third or fourth phase, the patient has many inconvenience to reduce nodes.And not only after emptying, they can also fall out with severe cough, sneezing and physical effort.
In rare cases, fallen hemorrhoids can be squeezed with the anal sphincter muscle, which causes severe pain.If the nodes are not set, thrombosis may develop.This is the hardest complications of hemorrhoids that require immediate medical attention.In this state, the hemorrhoids are swollen, tense, greatly increased, and the patient's body is possible to infect.Patients lose their appetite, rise in temperature, sick.
Any disease becomes worse if you are not treated.This is no exception from hemorrhoids - it progresses in the absence of treatment, which can lead to irreversible changes in the veins of the rectum.
Aremorrhoids during pregnancy and childbirth
The cause of blood sensation in pregnant women is the tightening of the rectal veins, which is increased in the size of the uterus, causing impaired blood flows, blood vessels and gold formation.In addition, the appearance of hemorrhoids in pregnant women can provoke constipation when the stool stretches out the walls of the rectum and may damage the cave bodies.As a general rule, in the last months of pregnancy, a woman has to lead a sedentary lifestyle that also does not contribute to the healing of the body.During childbirth, the perineum muscles were strained, the cave bodies of the rectum were stretched and injured.With severe stretching of perineum muscles, it is possible to weaken the anal sphincter and, as a result, loss of nodes.
Often those born women disrupt the symptoms of hemorrhoids with the consequences of childbirth and do not seek a doctor immediately, thus provoking the disease.
Which doctor should you contact the hemorrhoids suspicion?
If someone is worried about the anus area of discomfort and blood traces, consult a professional or collapsing doctor.
Diagnosis of the disease
Usually, the patient's body has sufficient visual examination to diagnose hemorrhoids.However, the patient either enters a knee position or occupies a gynecological chair.The doctor examines the patient's anus, paying particular attention to the condition of the skin, the presence of bleeding nodes, their value and position.
To confirm your diagnosis, your doctor may conduct other studies:
- Rectum- The doctor examines the tissues of the anal channel, assesses the condition of the membrane of the rectal mucosa, as well as the surrounding organs and tissues, determines the location, value and pain of the hemorrhoid nodes, and the degree of bleeding.It is true that the exact size of the nodes cannot be adjusted - they usually decrease in their sensation.In this case, the patient is lying on his side, standing on his back or square and examining the rectum with his index finger in the gloves.After the finger examination, your doctor may prescribe anoscopy and spectrum copies.
- Anoscopy-With Anoscopy, a special device is introduced into the back that allows the doctor to examine the rectum surface 10-15 cm.Using the anoscope, the doctor determines exactly where the sewing bodies are, whether there are tumor-shaped processes and inflammatory diseases in the rectum.Anoscope is also used to perform tests - biopsy and stroke.This procedure is painless and virtually no contraindication;The exception is the stage of aggravation of inflammatory diseases.The doctor then recommends that you first remove the inflammation and only take examination.
Although anoscopy is quite simple, it requires preliminary preparation.In order for nothing to prevent the rectal examination, the patient should refrain from eating the previous night and make two cleaning enemies - half a day before the procedure, the second - a few hours before.It is also possible for the doctor to ask the patient to take a laxative on the eve.
In additionDrama- Examination of sigmoid and rectum.With this examination, the doctor may further examine the inner surface of the rectum to 25 cm.If for some reason it is impossible to perform stomoroscopy (say the patient has abnormal disorders from the rectum), they are done instead ofColonoscopy- When the inner surface of the rectum is tested with an endoscope.
Thanks to this approach, the doctor can get a clear picture of the disease at what stage and how to develop.On the way, you can identify other diseases that affect the functioning of a system nearby.Often hemorrhoids are accompanied by diseases of the body and colon anal part caused by bleeding from hemorrhoids.Occasionally there is an irritable bowel syndrome.
How to treat hemorrhoids
After the diagnosis is made, the doctor will decide which treatment.But at all stages of hemorrhoids, from the first to the last, treatment is made to stop the symptoms of the disease - to reduce pain and stop bleeding.If the first or second phase is hemorrian, then it can be cured if it is called SO.Conservative treatment - that is, the use of drugs that relieve pain, prevent complications and contribute to patients' postoperative rehabilitation.The best result is given by the common use of external and internal use.
| Group | Scope | Application method | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No -steroid anti -inflammatory drugs and analgesics | Remove the inflammatory process, reduce swelling, anesthesia | Orally | |
| Venotonizing agents | Improve blood vessels, reduce the extension of veins, prevent thrombosis | Oral, from the outside | |
| Hemostatics | Stop bleeding | In the form of oral injections | |
| Ointment | Relieve cramps and inflammation, anesthesia | From outside | |
| Anticoagulant | Prevent thrombosis of hemorrhoids | Injections | |
| Laxatives | Normalize the chair | Orally | |
| Enemy | Normalize the chair | External | |
| Candles | Stimulation of blood supply, analgesic, anti -inflammatory | External |
If you do not observe a positive change after one or two weeks, a second examination should take part in a proctologist who will provide other treatment.
If the second or third phase is hemorrial and it is impossible to cure only medications, then it is called.Small -invasive methods - Contrary to operating activities, patients are less traumatic, patients spend less time in the hospital and recover faster.This includes:
- Infrared radiation- With the help of an infrared coagulator, the doctor acts on a high -temperature gold vessel nodes with a high temperature cauterizing vascular system.This operation does not require anesthesia (except for the high individual sensitivity of the area in the patient) and low trauma.Coagulation can also be done with laser rays.
- Sclerotherapy- A patient at the bloodstream nodes introduces a special substance that glues the walls of the blood vessels.Usually, a substance is introduced into up to two nodes with sclerotherapy, so the patient does not develop in pain syndrome.The next meeting is held in two weeks.
- Hemorrhoids with Latex Rings (Liga)- This method is most often used to treat hemorrhoids to treat elderly patients who complicate the treatment of the disease.At the same time, a small latex ring is applied to the base of the node, which gradually presses the node and leads to necrosis and rejection.However, bleeding does not occur as the truncation is blocked by the ring;Thereafter, a healthy connective tissue is formed in place.The procedure is almost painless, low trauma, and the ring can be used quickly with anoscope.
- Cryotherapy- In this treatment method, the hemorrhoid node is exposed to low temperatures after melted, the resulting wound heals over time and the connective tissue at the node site.The operation is performed during local anesthesia.
All minimally invasive treatment methods are only used in the absence of hemorrhoids.If the hemorrhoids entered the acute stage, first and foremost, it is necessary to relieve inflammation and reduce bleeding.
Hemorrhoids surgery
In the fourth stage of hemorrhoids, surgical treatment is indicated.The surgery (hemorrhoidctomy) is performed in the following way: the main groups of the hemorrhoids are subjected to excision, ligatures are applied to their soils, and the edges of the wound are sewn.Although it seems awesome, the operation, although very unpleasant, is very effective and the number of the smallest relapses.After this, however, complications are possible: severe pain, bleeding, scars, deforming anal channel, strict anus strict, surgery, paaproctitis.After surgery, you should pay attention to the system prescribed by your doctor - physical activity and hot baths.
Golden Management at home
Many folk drugs exist from hemorrhoids, but not all are effective and some can be harmful.We recommend that you use them only when approving the attending physician.
Kidney mountain brew, lace and raspberry leaves promote inflammation and normalize the sound of blood vessels.It can also rinse the area of the anus and the bleeding nodes, especially after emptying, after anti -inflammatory herbs (calendula, St. John's Wort, Kamilla).You can also make a warm bath with them 10-15 minutes to reduce inflammation and pain.
Hemorrhage
The easiest way to avoid the occurrence or worsening of the hemorrhoids is correctly eating so that the chair is soft and there is no constipation.It follows:
- There are high -fiber foods- Fruits, vegetables, cereals cereals.This softens the chair and increases its volume, which helps to avoid increasing the pressure of the abdominal cavity.However, in small portions, it should be introduced into the diet so that they do not cause increased gas formation.It is recommended to avoid sharp foods, spices and alcohol.
- Drink a lot of fluids- We recommend that you drink six -eight glasses of water or other liquids a day (there is no alcohol here) to make the chair softer and not damage the walls of the rectum.
- Add medicines containing dietary fiber to your diet- Most people do not get enough fiber daily (25 g recommended for women, for men - 38 g).Some nutritional supplements can improve the general condition of a patient with advanced hemorrhoids.But keep in mind that by introducing additives with high dietary fibers to the diet, consuming water or other liquids (non -alcohol), it should be increased into eight glasses a day.Otherwise, they may cause constipation.
- Do not filter the stool- Excessive tension and breathing when trying to relieve the high pressure of the rectal veins.
- Visit the toilet in time- If someone removes stool for some reason, the chair may dry out and it will be harder to remove from the body.At the same time, you should not join the laxatives - they can irritate the anal region with constant use and even contribute to the development of the rectum.
- Exercise- It is recommended to perform exercises or any other physical activity to improve body vascular condition, improve blood flow and reduce pressure on veins.It is advisable to take a short break, walk, stretch, and do some exercises every few hours.
- Avoid long mobility periods- A seat or job too long can increase pressure on the veins of the rectum region.