Hemorrhoids

7 May 2025

The hemorrhoids are varicose veins in the rectum veins. The inflammation of the hemorrhoids is characterized by thrombosis, deformation and abnormal dilation of hemorrhoids and forms nodes around the rectum.

According to statistics, people are approx. 25% suffer from hemorrhoids, which is exacerbated from time to time. And more than 70% of people sometimes experience various symptoms of hemorrhoids, such as discomfort, itching and pain during the stool.

Women's hemorrhoids often occur during pregnancy and childbirth. Hemorrhoids should be treated with very gentle methods during pregnancy, as a pregnant woman is not recommended to take some drugs for hemorrhoids prescribed in the usual order. In men, hemorrhoids are also quite a common phenomenon caused by many other reasons and factors that are further discussed.

What are the reasons for hemorrhoids?

It is generally accepted that hemorrhoids develop due to increased blood flow or inadequate outflow, which leads to stagnant processes. The causes and factors of the hemorrhoids are as follows:

Hereditary predisposed hemorrhoids. This is the main factor in the appearance of hemorrhoids, which must be said primarily. And while the hemorrhoids do not inherit, the willingness of this disease can be determined by genetic factors. The inheritance of certain gene groups leads to congenital weakness or vascular dysfunction located in the rectum. This is the cause of increased flow and blood outflow through cave veins, leading to the latter's abnormal expansion. Long -term extension of the Cavernous veins leads to thinning of the walls of the blood vessels, which contributes to the occurrence of bleeding with hemorrhoids.
Long -term work and weight lifting. In addition to a sedentary lifestyle, physical overload also contributes to the development of hemorrhoids. Above all, this applies to the people who are forced to stay in constant position for a long time. This category includes teachers, lecturers, Swiss, guards, hairdressers and others. Height rise is another reason for the formation of hemorrhoids and the loss of hemorrhoids.
Sitting lifestyle. This is a serious negative factor, primarily about office workers, drivers and persons that lead a sedentary lifestyle. The sedentary lifestyle contributes to the development of hemorrhoids through various mechanisms. Above all, this is increased pressure in the position of the rectum vessels. With a long session, the area of the anus is slightly heated, resulting in stagnant phenomena and vascular expansion. In addition, the lack of physical effort is a real way to develop venous insufficiency. Including, it also applies to the veins in the rectum.
Chronic constipation and diarrhea. People with chronic constipation tend to develop hemorrhoids. Why is this happening? The fact is that with constipation, the stool hardens and puts pressure on the veins of the lower bowel. This leads to deterioration of the blood supply to Cavernous and the appearance of hemorrhoids. Another factor in constipation is the habit of pushing strongly during emptying, which puts further pressure on the rectum vessels.

In addition to constipation, it contributes to hemorrhoids and severe diarrhea (diarrhea), which leads to irritation and inflammation of the membrane of the rectal mucosa.

Pregnancy. Hemorrhoids are a common phenomenon during pregnancy and childbirth, as wearing the fetus exerts pressure on the veins of the rectum. And during childbirth, tense experiments only exacerbate the hemorrhoids and contribute to the formation of new hemorrhoids.
Inadequate nutrition, abuse of spicy foods and alcohol. Malnutrition is an important factor in the appearance of hemorrhoids. In particular, abuse of spicy foods leads to irritation of the intestinal mucosa and stimulates increased bloodstream into the rectum. And inadequate use of fiber (plant food) deteriorates the motility of the intestine. Alcohol is a provocative factor in the development of hemorrhoids, which expands the blood vessels. The reception of alcoholic beverages, even in a small amount, can cause chronic hemorrhoids aggravation.

The main factors that contribute to the development of hemorrhoids:

Obesity.
Hereditary predisposition.
Sitting lifestyle (hypodymia) or low motor activity work.
Activities related to excessive muscle tension (high physical activity).
Voltage.
Violation of blood outflow in the rectum.
Frequent constipation.
Inflammatory and tumor processes in the intestine and liver.
Infection.
Smoking.

Inner and outer

At the site of the golden nodes, the disease is divided into two main types: internal hemorrhoids and external.

With external hemorrhoids, the nodes are formed in the immediate vicinity of the anus, which, in connection with their sensitive surface, often breaks through and a shiny scarlet blood bleeds. The pain of the external hemorrhoids is quite sharp and severe, but this species does not mean difficulties in terms of independent diagnosis.

The type of internal hemorrhoids, although it is a much more serious threat to health, often distinguishes the complete lack of pain (especially at the initial stage of the disease). This fact is explained by the fact that the hemorrhoids are deeply located and their surface is the same rectum mucosa membrane that brings it to life.

Degree

Usually 3 degrees of internal hemorrhoids distinguish:

1st degree. The hemorrhoids are located in the anal channel and is not felt (even in the case of a rectal test). Complaints of anus and bleeding inflammation, "corrupt" the pain after emptying.
2nd degree. The nodes stand out from the anus when they are tense and disappear independently. Basically, observe the same disorders here as at degrees 1 hemorrhoids, but small fractures of the mucous membrane occur more often and the anus inflammation is stronger.
3rd degree. It is characterized by blood -sensitive nodes that do not restrain independently, called bleeding nodes. Symptoms can be the same as 2-, but stools and gases often develop. When examining aremorrhoids, they distinguish the drip of the anus along the radiant grooves, the cyanotic coloring and the tuber surface.

Symptoms of hemorrhoids

Signs of hemorrhoids characteristic of all stages of the development of the disease:

discomfort in the anus;
pain during emptying (first insignificant and then strong);
bleeding from the anus;
Formation and growth of hemorrhoids.

Hemorrhoids are a chronic pathology that progresses for years. The rate of development of the disease depends on many factors, including nutrition and lifestyle.

To the initial stageDiseases in the anus are characterized by a slight increase in veins. Such a sign usually remains unnoticed. In this case, the patient may be disturbed by a bloody discharge from the rectum, which occurs immediately after emptying. The blood is easily visible on the toilet paper. It is worth remembering that a similar symptom is characterized by malignant bowel tumors, so when it happens, consult a proctologist. The timely search for a doctor and the appointment of treatment easily slow down the development of hemorrhoids.

In the second stageDevelopment of the patient's illness may cause discomfort in the anus, itching. Often a foreign body feels in the anus. Hemorrhoids fall during the break and are still easy to adjust.

To the third stageHemorrhoids are characterized by an increase in existing characteristics. The large venous nodes in the anus make it difficult to empty the intestine, become the cause of constipation, and the act of emptying itself is accompanied by pain and bleeding. Hemorrhoid bleeding is dangerous and can lead to anemia over time.

To the last stageDiseases are characterized by an increase in hemorrhoids. They can't straighten them. The presence of advanced veins in the anus causes severe discomfort, pains the patient, and go to the toilet. He is worried about abundant bleeding during every emptying. The fourth phase of hemorrhoids can be complicated by unpleasant and dangerous phenomena such as veins thrombosis at the end of the rectum.

Aremorrhoids in pregnant women

Very often hemorrhoids appear in the last trimester of pregnancy and childbirth. Causes of hemorrhoids are piercing the increased uterus of the intestinal veins, leading to the deterioration of blood flow from the intestine and perineum. Vienna's diameter grows and changes its shape. In pregnant women, intermittent constipation can also provoke their appearance.

However, for most women, the symptoms of hemorrhoids transfer the postpartum period, so they believe that the causes may be hormonal changes. Treatment should be treated immediately after detecting the first symptoms. It is important to alleviate constipation, such as stool (Forlax, laminaride, methyl velocity), to alleviate hygiene rules (washing the anus after washing). Hemorrhoids (aurobin, relief, etc. ) are mainly used externally in the form of ointments and candles. Surgery is only performed in severe cases.

The hemorrhoid prevention should be done from the first days of pregnancy - a competent diet should be done to prevent constipation, do not wear tight belts, spend more time in the fresh air and walk.

What is the danger?

Progressing the disease without proper treatment leads to many very unpleasant complications.

Aremorrhoid complications:

Anemia (an abundant disease with a long age).
Inflammatory processes in the surrounding tissues, until paaproctitis develops (inflammation of the fiber around the rectum). Paraproproctitis is considered a very serious complication that requires severe treatment.
Cracks of the anus. The most common cause of severe pain in hemorrhoids. Cracks create favorable conditions for the development and penetration of various infections into the soft tissues. This fact can lead to an awesome complication as abscess (limited, purulent inflammation accompanied by general malaise, temperature and severe pain). It requires mandatory surgical intervention for this complication.
Itchy. It is a very unpleasant complication that works not only as a strong negative psychological moment, undermines the patient's psycho -emotional state. The constantly mechanical irritation of the anal region can significantly exacerbate the process of the disease. In addition, constant damage to the tissue increases the risk of developing various tumor processes.
Insufficiency of anal sphincter, gas and stool incontinence (often in old age).

It follows that hemorrhoids need early diagnosis and should take immediate action to solve the problem.

How do the hemorrho look like: photo

Diagnosis

As a general rule, the diagnosis is not related to special difficulties, and the diagnosis is part of the patient's survey and the initial outpatient examination. The check helps to determine:

The degree of loss from the anus of nodes,
Return the possibility of turning back,
The condition of the skin,
and the relevance and extent of bleeding.

The symptoms of hemorrhoids are similar to some other diseases. Therefore, the diagnosis should be careful as there is a risk of improper treatment. The hemorrhoids can be confused with the following:

Anal crack, accompanied by mild bleeding and pain during stool;
The rectal cancer (malignant bowel tumors occur with bleeding);
the loss of rectum;
Kolithis, polyps and condylomas.

If you notice the first signs of the disease alone, do not take the path to the doctor for a long time. Early diagnosis facilitates treatment and helps with complications, but also avoid surgical intervention.

How to treat hemorrhoids?

Conservative treatment of hemorrhoids:

Be sure to normalize the intestinal emptying. The chair must be regular, soft. To normalize stools, hemorrhoids, the contents of the meal fibers, including wheat bran, are recommended, but the number should be gradually increased within 2-3 weeks. (between 5-10 g and 20 g daily), which excludes the appearance of discomfort.
In the case of constipation, you can recommend lactulose up to 30-40 ml daily to reach a daily soft chair and other devices, follow your diet and constipation recommendations.

Treatment uses topical drugs: rectal candles made of hemorrhoids and ointments.

Pain, candles, which contain low -dose drugs (such as Beladonna, etc. ). You can prescribe candles, sodium alginates, ichthyol, depending on the symptoms and stage of the disease.
If there is no bleeding, you can prescribe suppositories or phenylfrin hydrochloride ointments, etc. , But all medications are prescribed in each case, so only one proctologist can prescribe the correct treatment after examining the patient.
In pain, cold creams can be used in addition to candles, but for up to 30 seconds.
In order to increase the effectiveness of local drugs, you should take oral products that improve the sound of venous blood vessels and prevent thrombosis: diosmin, Troxerutin.
The Lutting is based on the Lutting of the Golden Errolaps. When the thrombosis of the hemorrhoids, cold and lidocaine hydrochloride (1% solution) is used locally and additional bonding is possible.
In the case of relapse, hemorrhoid -ctomy is recommended despite treatment.

Treatment medication methods are exclusively asymptomatic - that is, hemorrhoids do not radically cure hemorrhoids. However, they allow you to temporarily cope with the unpleasant signs of hemorrhoids. If a patient after medication complies with medical recommendations to prevent relapse, surgical treatment can be avoided.

But not always patients can follow all the recommendations.

Small -invasive methods

Minimally invasive treatment allows you to get rid of a fine problem such as hemorrhoids quickly and without serious injuries. In most cases, therapeutic methods only dampen the symptoms of the disease, delaying the moment when more radical methods need to be used. Before appointing a particular procedure, the doctor studies the history of the patient, performs a comprehensive examination, and evaluates all possible risks.

Sclerotherapy- This is a low traumatic treatment through special sclerotic substances that are inserted inside the node, gluing the walls to achieve their diet and death in the future. The technique is carried out only in 1-3 stages. It does not exclude the risk of the disease and is only effective for small hemorrhoids.
ElectrocoagulationThis is performed under the control of Anoscope. The electrode is brought to the foot of the knot and the material is coagulated (welded) and then quickly died. In one procedure you can get rid of 1-2 abnormal focus. After gluing, the hemorrhoids stop eating and growth and disappears completely after a while.
Liga with latex rings-state-of-the-art methods for minimally invasive treatment of 1-3 stages. The latex ligature is applied via anoscope on the foot of the node, leading to tightening tissues and violation of blood circulation. After 8-14 days, the hemorrhoids dies and is removed with the latex ring.
Cryotherapy- short -term effect on hemorrhoids with liquid nitrogen. After that, the hemorrhoid node dies and disappears. The procedure takes place during local anesthesia, so there is no painful feeling.

Small invasive procedures were contraindicated:

Aggravation of the inflammatory process in the rectum and anus;
anal cracks, injuries;
Hemorrhoid thrombosis.

Small invasive methods for hemorrhoids can only be used in stages of the disease only, necessarily due to the worsening of the inflammatory process. All procedures are performed after local anesthesia. No general anesthesia need to be used. In one session, only 1-3 knots can be removed. Treatment occurs sometimes in several stages, from interval in several weeks.

Surgery

Surgical treatment is the most effective treatment in the third and fourth stages.

The hemorrhoid removal operation, which was proposed in the 30s of the last century, is still used and continued to be modified. There are two types of operations in the world mainly:

Closed hemorrhoidctomy. Apply stages III and IV of the disease.
Open hemorrhoidctomy. Also in the III. And IV. Section, but anal crack or paaproctitis is complicated.

Also in 1993, a new method was recommended for the treatment of hemorrhoids, made by an Italian doctor A. Longgo, which consists of a circular removal of the rectum mucosa and output layer using a special device.

Patients are released 3-4 days after surgery, and disability is restored 5-7 days. A small percentage of postoperative complications are observed.

After a power and diet after surgery

In most cases, patients can start drinking after golden surgery and eating a few hours after surgery.

But observation of the meal table (according to Pevzer 1a), to exclude products and foods that excite stomach secretion and irritate the mucosa membrane. Foods should be cooked in deleted form, cooked or boiled to water: hot and cold, bread and flour products, raw vegetables fruits, cheese, dairy products, sour cream, curd, spices, sauce, coffee, tea.

Eat small portions 6 times a day. The restoration of the intestinal function usually occurs on the second day after surgery and can therefore be continued in the usual diet. But of course all the sharp and spicy foods need to be excluded, alcohol should be forgotten. By following these recommendations, you can reduce your post -surgery recovery time and reduce the risk of complications.

Home treatment

You can take measures on your own to help relieve the symptoms of hemorrhoids. However, it is worth remembering that they do not help to get rid of the disease:

Warm baths help well. You can bathe or just sit in a water pool. The area of the anus should be placed in warm water 2-3 times a day.
Thorough hygiene of the anal region. Bathe or shower daily, wash the anus area thoroughly.
Do not use soap in the anus and other devices that may cause irritation. Avoid using flavored wet wipes, which includes alcohol.
Do not use normal toilet paper. It is better to use a wet wipe but without alcohol.
Use cold. You can use cold fuel cushions, ice packs and cold water moistened material to remove edema in the anus.

In addition, a diet with hemorrhoids achieves two goals: to prevent constipation and irritation in the rectum. Main recommendations:

Drink enough liquid. This promotes the softener of the chair and facilitates its passage in the intestine.
The diet should contain more vegetables, fruits and cereals. They contain a vegetable fiber to help prevent constipation.
Alcohol, coffee, strong tea should be avoided.
Limits sharp foods and spices.
It is better to take food in small portions 4-5 times a day.
Eat at about the same time.
Physical activity also promotes the normalization of bowel work.

Gymnastics

The purpose of gymnastic exercises is to prevent constipation and strengthen the anal sphincter. For example, if you improve blood outflow and strengthen the press of muscle, you can normalize the work of the intestine, which and prevents constipation:

The "scissors" practice is carried out by lying on the back with raised legs that need to be diluted and crossed alternately;
"Bicycle" is a rather famous exercise that is very reminiscent of the bicycle path but is on its back;
And you can lie on the floor (back), put your leg straight together, lift one or the other, and reach the right angle of the hip joints. Or bend your leg in your knees and divide it to the side while trying to break the pelvis from the floor as much as possible.

So a person is arranged in any position to feel a "fifth point" and can drive, so gymnastics to strengthen the anus does not require any tools, and can be performed anywhere and is unlikely to be noticed.

So the exercises to confirm sphincter:

Get up, cross your legs, and make rhythmic relaxations and tension in the gluteal muscles;
Choose the hardest chair, sit down a little forward (easily on the desk), try to reduce and relax the sphincter, trying to push the anus into the rectum. You should take 20 minutes for the exercise, which, if necessary, is always found.

Prevention

The best tool against hemorrhoids is prevention. There are prone factors that lead to the development of the disease:

an irregular chair, a predisposition to constipation or diarrhea, is the custom of strangling them during emptying or for a long time to sit in the toilet with a book;
Hard physical work and vice versa: lack of movement, long -term stay in a sitting position;
pregnancy and childbirth;
Alcohol consumption.

This means that a lifestyle fix helps to alleviate the course of the disease.

We recommend rethinking the diet: leaving simple carbohydrates (cakes, sweets) in favor of complex (vegetables, fruits, greens, cereal bread), instead of tea and coffee, this promotes chair normalization.
Avoid alcohol, including beer.
With Aremorrhoids, riding, heavy athletics, cycling sports did not want, but walking or swimming is simply necessary.
It is useful to strengthen the abdominal press and buttock muscles, the tournament in Kegel.
Bad habit on the toilet session for a long time. But after visiting the toiletbidé, or after a growing shower, on the contrary, it is very useful.

If, despite all the preventive measures of the aggravation, it was not avoided, it is not necessary to panic. We recommend that the seat lie down, apply cool compressions to the sore spot, moistened in the weak solution of potassium permanganate or on the chamomile (not hot! ) Bath valve, remember diet and personal hygiene.